Watching a double strand break repair polymerase insert a pro-mutagenic oxidized nucleotide.
Jamsen, J.A., Sassa, A., Shock, D.D., Beard, W.A., Wilson, S.H.(2021) Nat Commun 12: 2059-2059
- PubMed: 33824325 
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21354-6
- PubMed Abstract: Oxidized dGTP (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2´-deoxyguanosine triphosphate, 8-oxodGTP) insertion by DNA polymerases strongly promotes cancer and human disease. How DNA polymerases discriminate against oxidized and undamaged nucleotides, especially in error-prone double strand break (DSB) repair, is poorly understood. High-resolution time-lapse X-ray crystallography snapshots of DSB repair polymerase μ undergoing DNA synthesis reveal that a third active site metal promotes insertion of oxidized and undamaged dGTP in the canonical anti-conformation opposite template cytosine. The product metal bridged O8 with product oxygens, and was not observed in the syn-conformation opposite template adenine (A t ). Rotation of A t into the syn-conformation enabled undamaged dGTP misinsertion. Exploiting metal and substrate dynamics in a rigid active site allows 8-oxodGTP to circumvent polymerase fidelity safeguards to promote pro-mutagenic double strand break repair. 
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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