Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Posicaine N
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Xylocaine
Septanest Sp
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
LIDOCAINE HCl
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Citanest Forte
Marcaine E
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Lidocaine Hci
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
EpiPen Jr
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Neffy
Gingi-pak Pellets
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
Articaine
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Epipen
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Adrenalin Vials
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
QKit Procedure Tray
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Sensorcaine
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Epinephrine Injection USP
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Pro Numb
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Lidosite
Minnerva II
Dysne Inhal
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Ana-kit
Lixtraxen 1%
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Orostat 8%
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Lidocaine
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
EPY II Kit
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Adrenalin(r)
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Primatene Mist Refill
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Ephinephrine
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Citanest Forte DENTAL
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Articadent
Zorcaine
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Septocaine
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Zone 2
EpiPen
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Orabloc 1:200,000
Sensorcaine Forte
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Lignospan Speciale Inj
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Octocaine 50
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Sensorcaine Mpf
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Numquick Topical Analgesic
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Epinephrine Injection
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Posicaine Sp
Vasocaine
Leep RediKit
Epinephrine Professional
Primatene Mist
Adrenaclick
EpinephrineSnap-V
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Epinephrine
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Marcaine
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Adyphren Amp Kit
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Numquick Analgesic
Lignospan Forte
Ultracaine D-S Injection
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
EPY Kit
Orabloc
The Solution
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Epipen Jr
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Auvi-Q
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Epinephrinesnap-V
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Ultacan
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Adrenalin
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Symjepi
Xylocaine MPF
Anapen Junior
Anapen
Lignospan Standard
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Allerject
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Twinject
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Adyphren II Kit
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Medihaler-Epi
Adyphren Amp II Kit
D-Care 100X
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Orabloc 1:100,000
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Ultracaine DS Inj
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Adyphren Kit
Prime Asthma Relief
Septanest N
Taroclick Epinephrine
Octocaine 100
Vivacaine
Ultacan Forte
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682
